Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer when it includes the rectum, is a malignant growth that starts in the colon—the large intestine. It usually begins as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that can develop into cancer over time. Early stages may not show symptoms, but as the cancer progresses, signs like changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss may occur. Risk factors include age, a family history of colorectal cancer, certain inherited conditions, a diet high in red or processed meats, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Diagnosis is made through screening tests like colonoscopy and confirmed with biopsy. Treatment depends on the stage and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies.

• Colon cancer originates in the large intestine (colon).
• Often begins as polyps that may turn cancerous.
• Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal pain, weight loss.
• Risk factors: age, family history, genetic syndromes, diet, smoking, inactivity.
• Diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy.
• Early detection through screening is vital.
• Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy