Rectal cancer is a type of colorectal cancer that develops in the rectum, the last part of the large intestine just before the anus. It often begins as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can transform into malignant tumors over time. Symptoms may include rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection through colonoscopy and imaging is crucial as rectal cancer can spread locally to nearby organs and lymph nodes. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and spread of the disease.

• Arises from abnormal cell growth in the rectum.
• Often develops from polyps that become cancerous.
• Common symptoms: rectal bleeding, altered bowel habits, pain, weight loss.
• Diagnosis: colonoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests (MRI, CT, PET).
• Treatment: surgery (low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection), chemotherapy, radiation.
• Multimodal approach improves survival and reduces recurrence.